5. Local Currents

Inleiding

Tides affect the the entire ocean, they alter current speeds and change the height of the water. However, perhaps the most profound effects of tides and tidal currents are seen at the coast.

These tidal currents are often more important to people on the coast or working in shallow offshore regions affecting when you can launch a boat or have a profound impact on fishing, determining if a region is productive. A tidal current could make a region safe to swim in or be responsible for dangerous rip currents and fast flows that will tear a swimmer away from a shore in a matter of seconds. These types of currents often change with the tides and may vary through the day.

beached small boat
A small boat beached at low tide. Bron: Dan Marsh

Previous chapters have looked at how surface and deep currents interact and how currents may affect life in the ocean. This chapter will look specifically at tides and the currents that they generate as well as how other water, such as rivers interact with them.

These other ocean currents tend to be driven by wind, salinity and temperature, tides on the other hand are the result of the gravitational pull of other bodies (mainly the sun and moon) upon the oceans. This distorts the water away from the surface of the earth leading to high and low tides.

The effect of tides is not the same everywhere...

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moddled M2 tide height
M2 sea surface height amplitude (m). Source: TPXO6.2 Earth and Space Research

Tides do not have the same effect everywhere in the world, some places experience huge changes in water height or waves rushing up rivers, known as a Bore, while other place experience very little tidal variation.

Can you explain why?

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In dit hoofdstuk zul je leren over:
  • Getijden - hoog en laag water. Varieert, naargelang waar je bent, van een paar decimeters tot vele meters. Getijdenmeter, hoogtemeters.
  • Waarom hebben we getijden: effecten van de maan en zon. Doodtij en springvloed.
  • Getijdencycli: Wat de wisselwerking is tussen de getijdenbult, die de wereld rond gaat, en de vormen van oceaan, om verschillende getijdencycli en verschillende waterhoogtes te geven. Amfidromische punten. Getijdenstromen: eb en vloed; stroomsnelheid in relatie tot hoog en laag water.
  • Getijden in smalle kanalen, getijdengolven.
  • Getijdenenergie.