10. Image Credits

5. Ice in the Arctic

September ice extent 1979 - 2008
Graph
National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA
URL: http://nsidc.org/news/press/20081002_seaice_pressrelease.html
Last access: 29.06.2009
Arctic sea ice extent September 2008
Plot
National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA
URL: http://nsidc.org/news/press/20081002_seaice_pressrelease.html
Last access: 29.06.2009
Ice albedo
Graphic
Don Perovich, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.
URL: Ice albedo
Last access: 11.06.2009
Arctic fox
Photography
National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA
URL: http://nsidc.org/seaice/environment/mammals.html
Last access: 29.06.2009
Narwhals
Photography
National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
URL: http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/images/05MSEL012_narwhals_breachHR.jpg
Last access: 29.06.2009
Frazil ice
Photography
National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA
URL: http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/words/letter.pl?F
Last access: 11.06.2009
Rafted ice
Photography
Don Perovich, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.
URL: http://www.crrel.usace.army.mil/sid/personnel/perovichweb/photogallery/
photo00008999/real.htm
Last access: 29.06.2009
Pancake ice
Photography
Don Perovich, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.
URL: http://www.crrel.usace.army.mil/sid/personnel/perovichweb/photogallery/
photo00008999/real.htm
Last access: 29.06.2009
Ridged ice
Photography
National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA
URL: http://nsidc.org/seaice/characteristics/features.html
Last access: 29.06.2009
Nilas in Buffin bay, Arctic, photograph taken in September 2005
Photography
The image is a Wikimedia Commons file created by User: Mila Zinkova under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation Licence, Version 1.2.
URL: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nilas_Sea_Ice1.jpg
Last access: 11.06.2009
Ice formation
Graphic
National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA
URL: http://nsidc.org/seaice/characteristics/formation.html
Last access: 29.06.2009
Ice growth
Graphic
Environment Canada
URL: http://ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca/App/WsvPageDsp.cfm
Last access: 22.07.2009
Sea ice climatologies
Graphic
National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA
URL: http://nsidc.org/sotc/sea_ice.html
Last access: 01.07.2009
New ice
Photography
U.S. Geological Survey, photo by Jessica Robertson
URL: http://www.usgs.gov/journals/arctic/2008/10/
Last access: 01.07.2009
Thinning ice north of Siberia
Satellite image
NASA Visible Earth, Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team
URL: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=1915
Last access: 15.08.2009

 

Multiyear ice
Photography
U.S. Geological Survey, photo by Jessica Robertson
URL: http://www.usgs.gov/journals/arctic/2008/10/
Last access: 01.07.2009
First year ice
Photography
Don Perovich, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.
URL: http://www.crrel.usace.army.mil/sid/personnel/perovichweb/photogallery/
photo00008999/real.htm
Last access: 01.07.2009
Drilling to measure ice thickness
Photography
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven
URL: http://www.awi.de/de/aktuelles_und_presse/pressemitteilungen/detail/item/higher_water_temperatures_and_reduced_ice_cover_in_the_arctic_ocean/?cHash=e637ce40aa Press release.
Last access: 20.08.2009
Mosaic of MODIS images
Satellite image
Terry Haran, National Snow and Ice Data Center,
URL: http://nsidc.org/sotc/sea_ice_mosaic.html
Last access: 20.08.2009
Sea ice concentration
Satellite image
National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA
URL: http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glance/ for an image 2 days old (data changes daily).
Last access: 24/07/2009
Measuring sea ice thickness
Diagram
Peter Lemke, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven
URL: http://envisat.esa.int/envschool_2008/ Envisat summer school.
Last access: 20.08.2009
Sea ice extent time series
Graph
NOAA, USA
URL: http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/essay_untersteiner.html
Last access: 01.07.2009
Sea ice extents
Graphs and images
National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA
URL: http://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index/
Last access: 15.08.2009
March/September sea ice extent
Graph
NOAA, USA
URL: http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard/seaice.html
Last access: 01.07.2009
MODIS image of the Bering Straits April 2002
Image
NASA, USA
URL: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=3742
Last access: 01.07.2009
MODIS image of the Bering Straits May 2002
Image
NASA, USA
URL: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=3744
Last access: 17.08.2009
AMSR-E on Aqua- sea ice extent
Animation
NASA, USA
URL: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3466
Last access: 14.08.2009
Sea Ice Retreat in the East Siberian Sea
Image
NASA, USA
URL: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=7970
Last access: 01.07.2009
Political map of the Arctic
Map
UNEP/GRID Maps, Designer Hugo Ahlenius
URL: http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/ arctic-map-political
Last access: 01.07.2009