8. Source des Images
Chapitre 2: Pollution pétrolière
Inputs of oil entering the marine environment from ships and other sea-based activities
in the period 1988 - 1997
Last access: 09.06.2009
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Partially sunk New Flame vessel after collision with an oil tanker
in the Strait of Gibraltar in August 2008
Last access: 18.12.2008
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Recent spillage of oil
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An oil slice approaching land, resulting from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in March 1989
Last access: 09.06.2009
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Oil slick visible on water's surface above the sunken battleship USS Arizona (BB-39)
in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Last access: 09.06.2009
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The hazard symbol for toxic/highly toxic substances according to directive 67/548/EWG
by the European Chemicals Bureau
Last access: 15.01.2009
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The German oil recovery vessel 'Knechtsand'
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Helicopter of the United States Coast Guard with animated propellers (HH-65 Dolphin)
Last access: 06.01.2008
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Exxon Valdez tanker circled with containment boom
Last access: 06.01.2008
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Schematic illustration of an oil spill spreading on the sea surface
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Airborne optical image of fuel oil on the sea surface
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ASAR wide-swath image acquired 17 November 2002 showing an oil spill originating from the stricken
Prestige tanker, lying 100 km off the Spanish coast
Last access: 09.06.2009
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GIS screenshot with remote sensing data from the Sea Empress oil spill in 1996
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Fuel oil drift in the Kerch Strait 11-15 November 2007
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Schematic from the Black Sea showing how data from many sensors are put together to give an environmental map of the area
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Maritime surveillance aircraft DO 228 of the Central Command for Maritime Emergencies (CCME) on scene in the North Sea.
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Remote Sensing instruments aboard maritime surveillance aircraft Dornier 228 LM
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The Sea Empress aground off St. Anne's Head at the entrance to Milford Haven
Last access: 10.09.2009
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Aerial photograph of the cliffs at St Anne's Head
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CASI image showing brown streaks of oil off St Anne's head
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CASI image showing oil leaking from the Sea Empress when docked in Milford Haven
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CASI image of Milford Haven with the Sea Empress and streaks of oil sheen in Angle Bay
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RADARSAT image of Milford Haven and Carmarthen Bay
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ERS-SAR image of Milford Haven and Carmarthen Bay from 26 February 1996
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CASI image from the Tenby area in Carmarthen Bay on 27 February 1996
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Thermal infrared image from the Tenby area obtained on 27 February 1996
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Map of South Wales and the Bristol Channel
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Clean-up at sea in the Tenby area of Carmarthen Bay on 27th February 1996
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Cleaning up the beach in the Saundersfoot area of Carmarthen Bay
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Map of South Wales and the Bristol Channel showing the shoreline most affected by oil of the Sea Empress
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Angle Bay grasslands and intertidal mudflats
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Oilspill cleanup in West Angle Bay
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Surface oil in the Tenby area of Carmarthen Bay
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View from Saundersfoot Leisure Park across the Bay
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Surface oil around the rock in Saundersfoot Bay
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Infos supplémentaires
Supplément 2.1: Types of Oil
German coast guard ship putting up a containment boom
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Two sorts of oil with different viscosity
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Two sorts of oil with different viscosity
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Supplément 2.2: Properties of Oil
Water, oil and a cork
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Flash and fire points of two different kinds of motor oil
Last access: 17.07.2008
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Supplément 2.3: Emulsions
Oil in water
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Emulsion
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Oil-in-water emulsion
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Water-in-oil emulsion
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Supplément 2.4: Natural Oil Seeps
A vertical section through the Earth's crust, ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Natural oil seep at Tar Water Creek ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Natural tar seep offshore Gaviota, ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Tar found floating in the ocean offshore Point Conception, ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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European Remote Sensing 1 satellite radar image ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Supplément 2.5: Weathering of Oil on the Water Surface
Weathering of oil on the water surface
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Oil spill at sea forming narrow bands
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Testing the natural dispersion of oil due to waves at OHMSETT oil spill testing facility
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Water channel at OHMSETT oil spill testing facility
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Supplément 2.6: Operational Oil Discharges at Sea
Oil spill at sea
Last access: 14.09.2009
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A bilge well in a ship
Last access: 14.09.2009
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A cartoonist's view of airborne oil spill surveillance
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Supplément 2.7: Accidental Discharges at Sea
Grounding: 34% etc.
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Number of oil tanker accidents causing spills ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Supplément 2.8: Land-based Sources of Oil Pollution
Cleanup crews work to restore beaches ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Anacortes Refinery Tesoro Corporation, ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Worn tyres on sale in a shop in Gambia
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Petrol station in St. Julians, Malta
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Motorcycle washing in a private driveway
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Sewage outfall in the Maldives
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Only rain down the drain
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Supplément 2.9: Contigency Planning in Oil Spill Response
Bulk carrier grounded and leaking bunker fuel
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Regular communication between all parties ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Supplément 2.10: Choices of Oil Spill Response
Spreading dispersants by airplane
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Oil covers a beach on the Tuzla Spit in the Kerch Strait
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Oil slick on fire
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Containment of an oil spill with a boom ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Supplément 2.11: Impact of Oil on Different Types of Coasts
Sensitivity of intertidal ecosystems
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Oil on a rocky coast
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Oil and tar washed ashore at the southern tip ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Marsh near Fort Johnson, South Carolina ...
Last access: 16.09.2009
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Coral transplanting as part of restoration activities ...
Last access: 16.09.2009
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Supplément 2.12: Impact of Oil on Marine Flora and Fauna
A storm wrecked several ships, including an oil tanker ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Marine food chain
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Smelly fish
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A reference condition of vegetation on land (France)
http://www.black-tides.com/uk/tools/learning-guide-understanding-black-tide.pdf page 58 (8.5 MB pdf file)
Last access: 16.09.2009
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Supplément 2.13: Impact of Oil on Fisheries and Aquaculture
Salmon farm
Last access: 16.09.2009
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Fishermen in Indonesia using gill net
Last access: 16.09.2009
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Water quality testing on a shrimp farm
Last access: 16.09.2009
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Fish are often the main food protein source for coastal communities ...
Last access: 16.09.2009
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Supplément 2.14: Oil Spill Maps Based on Aerial Detection
Map of detected oil spills in the Baltic Sea ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Map of the density of detected oil spills in the Baltic Sea ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Map of detected oil spills in the North Sea ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Map of the density of detected oil spills in the North Sea ...
Last access: 14.09.2009
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Supplément 2.15: Visual Appearance of Oil Spills on the Water Surface
Part of an oil spill from 50 m3 of heavy fuel oil
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Slicks on the water surface, from exudates of algae
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Supplément 2.16: The Side-looking Airborne Radar
Geometry of SLAR operation and resolved surface area
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The rough sea surface causes diffuse reflection of the radar wave
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SLAR image of a ship seen as a white spot because of its high backscatter efficiency
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Supplément 2.17: The Microwave Radiometer
Geometry of microwave radiometer scanning operation
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Interference colours seen in foam bubbles on the shore
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Brightness temperature of oil given in absolute ...
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Heavy fuel oil slick with a total volume of 17 m3
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Supplément 2.18: The UV-IR Scanner
Blackbody radiation
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IR image of Forties crude
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IR, UV and combined artificial image from an oil slick, detected in Spring 2000
Last access: 16.09.2009
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Geometry of the UV / IR line scanning operation
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UV image of crude oil
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Supplément 2.19: The Laser Fluorosensor
Measuring principle of the laser fluorosensor, analysis of an oil spill at sea
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Left: a thick layer of lubricating oil is illuminated with UV laser radiation at 355 nm wavelength
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Right: thin films of lubricating oil on a water surface are illuminated with the laser radiation and emit blue fluorescence
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Fluorescence spectra of different oil types upon irradiation with UV light at 308 nm wavelength
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Emission spectrum of a water sample from the North Sea illuminated with ultraviolet light at 270 nm wavelength
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Raman scattering of purified (i.e., non-fluorescent) water in the absence of oil...
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Oil spill following a discharge of 1000 litres of crude oil
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Data of a laser fluorosensor taken above an oil spill, see photograph in the left column
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discharge - 4 min - 8 min - 14 min ...
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Exercices
Exercise c02-01: Jeu de rôles: Résoudre la pollution
Dump no water - drains to river
Last access: 16.09.2009
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Exercise c02-02-1: Apparence visuelle des hydrocarbures à la surface de l'eau
A maritime surveillance aircraft.
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A ship spilling crude oil while underway, ...
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Oil spill from a discharge of 1000 litres of light crude oil ...
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Exercise c02-02-2: Détection lointaine des nappes d'hydrocarbures par radar
A maritime surveillance aircraft with the long bar-shaped SLAR antenna ...
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Image of the sea surface to the right of the aircraft, ...
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Exercise c02-02-3: Franges d'interférence des hydrocarbures sur l'eau
Brightness temperature of oil given in absolute temperatures (Kelvin scale), ...
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Geometry of microwave radiometer scanning operation
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Heavy fuel oil slick with a total volume of 17 m3, ...
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An oil layer with thickness d on the water surface, ...
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Exercise c02-02-4: Interference Fringes of Oil on Water: Supplement
An oil layer with thickness d on the water surface, ...
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