11. Image Credits

3. The Telescope

 

Supplement 3.1: Polar coordinates

In Cartesian coordinates the position of point P is given by its (x,y) coordinates ...
Graphic
Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany
In Cartesian coordinates the position of point P is given by its (xp,yp,zp) coordinate values ...
Graphic
Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Supplement 3.2: Plane and solid angles

Left: The angle φ from the ratio of the arc length s and ...
Graphic
Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany
A solid angle Ω within a sphere. ...
Graphic
Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany
A differential segment area da on a spherical surface. ...
Graphic
Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany
An azimuth-symmetrical differential segment area da on a spherical surface.
Graphic
Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Supplement 3.3: Measuring radiance

The detector's sensitive surface a receives light rays coming out of a solid angle Ω, ...
Graphic
Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany
Radiometers measuring the radiance from the sky and from the water surface. ...
Photography
Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany
A detector with an aperture to limit its visual field.
Graphic
Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany
A detector with a collecting lens and an aperture for limiting the field of view.
Graphic
Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany